| 1495 |
|
Charles
VIII and his forces enter Naples after local forces surrender.
Alfonso II abdicates in favour of the French king and retires
to a monastery. Charles is crowned King of Naples. He was
aided greatly during the battle by the presence of the Ventrue,
Antonio di Sanseverino, Count of Marisco and Prince of Salerno,
as an advisor. As a mortal, Sanseverino had been the Neapolitan
Grand Admiral until Ferrante exiled him.
Pope Alexander VI reforms the Holy League in order to expel
Charles VIII from Italy. A treaty is signed at Venice, and
Florence is excluded from the alliance.
The League is defeated at Fornovo, after Charles does a deal
with the Duke of Milan, none the less, Charles retreats back
to France.
Venice uses the chaos of the war with the French in order
to conquer Polignano, Mola and Monopoli, all Neapolitan ports.
Ferdinand II re-conquers Naples
The vanquished Alfonso II conveniently dies and is succeeded
by Ferrante II. In return for financial and naval aid, Ferrante
pledges three more ports to Venice.
There is peace between France and the Allies with Lodovico
de Sforza as agent
Jacobo Sannazzaro: Arcadia, a pastoral Romance
Mattea Mario Boyado: Orlando Innamorato, first Italian romantic
epic is published
Da Vinci: Last Supper
Mantegna: Holy Family with St. Elizabeth and St. John
Perugino: The Entombment
French soldiers spread syphilis from Naples to the rest of
Europe
|
| 1496 |
|
Marino
Saludo begins diary of Venetian life and politics
Michelangelo’s first stay in Rome
Perugino: Madonna with the Saints of Perugia.
Signing of the Treaty of Tyre. The Camarilla forces, bolstered
by the repentant Anarchs, crack down on the rampaging Assamites.
Most of the clan reluctantly agrees to accept a ensorcerement
of the Tremere, preventing them from committing diablerie.
They are henceforth known as the ‘Cursed’ by those
of their clan who escape the fate, but are now permitted to
exist along side Camarilla kindred in European cities. Of
those who are not cursed, many accept a place in the ever-growing
Sabbat ranks. They call themselves, the ‘Unconquered’
|
| 1497 |
|
Lucrezia
Borgia is divorced from Giovanni Sforza in order to marry
Alfonso of Naples.
Friar Savonarola of Florence is excommunicated for assuming
to defy Pope Alexander VI in all matters. It was at this point
that Savonarola caught the eye of Racello Gianello of the
Malkavians.
Fillipino Lippi: Meeting of Joachim and Anne at the Golden
Gate
Michelangelo: Bachus sculpture
Venetian navigators, the Cabots, reach the west coast of North
America
Severe famine in Florence
|
| 1498 |
|
Charles
VIII of France dies and is succeeded by Louis XII
The Comedies of Aristophenes are published in Venice
An unhappy populace burns Savonarola at stake in Florence.
Racello Gianello is said to be unhappy about this.
Torquemada dies
Michelangelo: Pieta sculpture, St. Peters Rome
|
| 1499 |
|
Partition
of Milan, Lodovico Sforza flees as French seize the city.
Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, a Milanese noble who deserted Lodovico
to serve Charles VIII, leads the French army.
Cardinal Cesare Borgia begins a conquest of Romagna and the
Marches, both major Papal States.
Ottoman Turks and Venice are at war, the Venetian fleet is
defeated at Sapienza. Venetian general, Lepanto, surrenders
and is emprisoned.
Francisco Jimenez De Sisneros, Inquisitor General, forces
mass conversion of Moors in Spain. The Great Moorish revolt
in Granada
Giorgioni: Portrait of a young man
Signorelli paints frescos at Orvieto Catherdral
|
| 1500 |
|
Lodovico
Maria Sforza briefly recaptures Milan, two months later town
is reconquered and Sforza is taken to France where he later
dies
The Moorish revolt is crushed in Granada
Ferdinand invades Naples and deposes Frederico I
Alfonso of Naples, husband to Lucrezia Borgia, is murdered.
Pope Alexander VI proclaims a Year of Jubilee.
The Treaty of Granada between Louis XII of France and Ferdinand
of Spain.
Aldus of Venice founds Greek academy and later on invents
Italics
Botticelli: Mystic Nativity
Michelangelo: Madonna & Child
The first commercial colleges are founded in Venice.
High Renaissance period begins
|
| 1501 |
|
French armies
enter Rome. The Pope declares Louis XII to be King of Naples
and they leave again.
Unknown forces depose Prince Constantius of Rome. Unknown
these forces may be, but powerful also as Constantius had
substantial protection. The Camarilla Council publicly deplores
these events, but it cannot be denied that they benefit
from the loss of a strong Prince in Rome. After discussions,
it is decided that there cannot be a Prince in the city
that houses the Camarilla Council and a ‘Seneschal’
is appointed to see to the day to day running of kindred
affairs in the city.
Pope Alexander VI creates duchies for members of his family,
the Borgias,
from estates confiscated from the Caetani and the Colonna
families
A Papal bull orders the burning of heretical and profane
books.
Giorgio Valla: De expetendis fugiendis rebus
Filippino Lippi: St Catherine
Michelangelo: David, sculpture started
|
| 1502 |
|
Florence
models a reformed state on the Venetian system and
Piero Soderini is elected head of state for life.
Giovanni Beilini: Baptism of Christ
Botticelli: Last Communion of St Jerome
|
| 1503 |
|
Venice
abandons Lepanto and signs a peace treaty with the Turks.
Gonzalo de Cordoba defeats the French, enters Naples and reconquers
the kingdom at the Battle of Garigliano.
Lucezia Borgia marries Alfonso d’Este, the Duke of Ferrara.
Pope Alexander VI dies. Cesare Borgia is too ill to protect
his gains. Borgia decline begins rapidly.
Da Vinci: Mona Lisa
Fillipino Lippi: Virgin & Saint
Nicolaus Copernicus is made doctor of canon law at Ferrara
|
| 1504 |
|
Treaty
of Lyons. Louis XII cedes Naples to Ferdinand II of Aragon.
Naples now remains under Spanish control until 1707.
Venice sends ambassadors to Turkey proposing Suez Canal.
Raphael: Marriage of the Virgin
The Golden Books, registers of noble births and marriages,
are begun in Venice.
|
| 1505 |
|
Pope
Julius II calls Michelangelo to Rome
Lorenzo Lotto: The Maiden’s Dream
Raphael: Madonna del Granduca
|
| 1506 |
|
Donato
Bramante begins rebuilding St Peters in Rome
Niccolo Machiavelli creates Florentine militia, the first
national army in the italies.
The Sabbat moves into Florence in force. A terrorist style
street war begins.
Raphael: Madonna di Casa
|
| 1507
|
|
Pope
Julius II proclaims an indulgence to those who help in the
rebuilding of St Peters
Giorgione and Titian paint the Fondaco dei Tedeschi in Venice
The Palazzo Strozzi in Florence is finished.
Orlando Galla of Venice specialises in the manufacture of
mirrors
Cesare Borgia dies.
Lorenzo Lotto: Madonna with Child and Four Saints
|
| 1508
|
|
Margeret
of Austria, the Cardinal of Rouen and Ferdinand of Aragon
form the League of Cambrai. The one purpose of the League
is to despoil Venice.
The Camarilla of Europe decides to hold Venice and the Sabbat
to siege. It is not hard to manipulate the envy and greed
of the European autocrats and provoke the formation of the
League of Cambrai.
Ludocivo Aristo: Cassaria, a comedy
Lorenzo Lotto: Sacra Conversazione
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling
Baldassare Peruzzi begins to build the Villa Farnesina in
Rome
|
| 1509 |
|
The
Pope joins the League of Cambrai, having encouraged its formation.
He excommunicates the whole Venetian Republic.
France declares war on Venice and the Venetian army is defeated
at Agnedello.
Jakob Fugger lends Maximillian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 170,000
ducats to finance the war against Venice.
Venetian city, Treviso, refuses to surrender to Emperor Maximillian
as Venice offers large tax concessions
Venice is forced to surrender it’s Neapolitan ports to
Ferdinand
|
| 1510 |
|
The
war against Venice is going well, so inevitably the Camarilla
starts to bicker within it’s ranks. Italian vampires
become alarmed at the amount of land and power the French
and Hapsburg forces stand to gain within Italy as a result
of the war. The siege of Venice ends after only nine months,
as the ‘allies’ can reach no agreement.
Pope Julius II also becomes alarmed by the French encroachment
and absolves Venice from excommunication and enters into talks
with the Ruling Council.
Martin Luther enters Rome as a delegate for his order.
Da Vinci designs a water wheel (turbine principle)
Raphael: Triumph of Galatea
Titian: The Gypsy Madonna
|
| 1511 |
|
Pope
Julius II forms a new Holy League with Venice and the Spanish
against France. English King, Henry VIII also joins
|
| 1512 |
|
Massimiliano
Sforza retakes Milan from the French.
The French defeat the Spanish and Papal forces at Ravenna.
Pierre du Terrail, Chevalier de Bayard, ‘le chevalier
sans peur et sans reproche’ is the hero of the battle.
The Fifth Lateran Council pronounces the ‘immortality
of the soul’, much to the interest of many kindred.
Michelangelo finishes his work on the Sistine Chapel.
Raphael: Julius II, a portrait
The battle between the Sabbat and the Lasombra of Florence
is abruptly ended when the masses of newly created childer
of the Sabbat finally, though force of numbers, break through
the defences of Alfonso’s palace. Alfonso is tortured
and diablorised, as are most of his supporters. Unfortunately
for the Sabbat however, the last few of the older kindred
amongst them are killed during the following day by de Medici
ghouls. The Toreador vanquish the Sabbat from Florence and
assume the Princedom. Lorenzo the Magnificent is chosen to
be Prince, despite his youth as a vampire, in honour of his
supreme abilities.
The mortal Medici return to Florence with the help of Pope
Julius II and Spanish troops. The Florentine republic is over.
|
| 1513 |
|
Machiavelli:
The Prince (a book said to be about the life and politics
of Lorenzo de Medici)
Pope Julius II dies. Giovanni de Medici becomes Pope Leo X.
The Toreador are now the most influential clan north of Naples.
Ferdinand is prevented from introducing a Spanish style inquisition
into Naples by an alliance of nobles and commoners.
Bibbiena (Cardinal Bernardo Dovizi): La Calandria, comedy
Machiavelli: La Mandragogola, comedy
Michelangelo: Moses (part of Julius II’s tomb)
Pope Leo II initiates a sculpture gallery at the Vatican.
|
| 1514 |
|
Correggio
‘discovers’ chiaroscuro (the play between light
and shadow)
By this time there are a great many Byzantine refugees in
Venice, both commoners and nobles. The Doge grants them permission
to build their own church so they may continue to follow their
own (Greek Orthodox) traditions
Francis I succeeds Louis XIV and retakes Milan
‘De impressione liborum’, a ruling of the Lateran
Council, forbids the printing of books without permission
of the Church.
|
| 1515 |
|
Giovanni
Giorgio Trissino: Sofonista, first play in blank verse
Correggio: Madonna of St Peters
Raphael is appointed the architect in chief of St Peters.
Titian: Flora.
|
| 1516 |
|
The
grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella, becomes Charles II of
Spain and shortly afterwards, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
The mysterious Methuselah known only as ‘Niccolo’,
who previously has ignored both the mortal and kindred politics
of Italy unless they encroached on his realm of Siena, sends
out ‘invitations’ to powerful or influential kindred
throughout the Italian lands. They are summoned to attend
an ambiguously described meeting, perhaps one of great significance
|
![The Mona Lisa [Image]](tempimages/mona_lisa.jpg)
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